The word 'factory' is not only the property of the engineer or labor only. Also not always represent a system of complex, sophisticated and difficult to understand. Factory is to produce goods of human needs. Objectives of the factory is to be able to get added value, usually an economic value added, from the raw materials processed into new products that have a sale value is higher. Factory can be classified into two major groups based on the extent to which a chemical reaction involved in the production process, the manufacturing plant or factory and assembly plant or chemical factory.
Factory assembly does not change the synthesis of raw materials into products with the chemical reaction as the main process. Changes in raw materials into products is not a chemical reaction. Car assembly factory, the factory convection and cigarette factories are a few examples including a factory in this group. Chemical factory or factory organized a synthesis or a series of chemical reactions to change raw materials into products. Some members of this group such as a soap factory, factory equipment and cosmetics sugar factory. Factories that make the formulation of the main, only compound chemicals into a solution or mixture is also classified as a chemical factory.
This paper is intended to be a general flow of thought in general, in designing a chemical plant. However, some values that need to be in chemical plant design, as will be discussed further can be applied in designing the factory assembly.
This paper is divided into three parts. The first section will provide guidance about what things need to be in the selection process of the production technology and the determination of the location of the factory and then resumed with the gross profit and the needs of raw material per kilogram of product. Guide to design and select equipment that will be used factory poured on any posts will be the second. This paper will conclude with a guide to plan the layout of the factory and the economic feasibility of the calculation takes into account all expenditures and may akan, including bank interest repayments, on the third.
Will the election Factory Built And What Will Be Used Technology
Elections factory to be constructed in general be grouped into three motivation. Due to market demand, because the availability of abundant raw materials and because the availability of new technology. Could be the motivation of a factory for the combination of two types of motivation at the top or even a combination of third-tiganya at once.
Factory because of the increased market demand is a very common motivation in accordance with the law and economics. Things that need to be explored further is whether the demand hikes akan stable market continues to increase in the future, or have special reasons affecting the market, such as reasons for not stabilnya state politics, economic embargo, accident, accident or experienced other producers, prospective competition, which caused the producers to reduce production. Need accurate data and analysis of the charming market of people to ensure a stable increase in market demand. Another thing to note is the production capacity of rival candidates from the factory to be built. May anticipate the competitor is first and has begun to increase production capacity in an effort to steal the start.
Motivation to build the factory because of the availability of raw materials is a motivation that is expected and supported by the Indonesian government. The fact that the country has natural resources of diverse and abundant is not necessary anymore. The use of materials that exist only in Indonesia will increase the plant's competitiveness. Raw materials from agriculture promised benefits because there are many types of plants that grow naturally only in Indonesia. The only motivation such as this that require creative thinking, understanding of the chemical technology and powerful people who have a strong vision. The challenge is that technology will be used technologies that could be entirely new or old technology that needs a lot of modifications. Literature is also limited because developed countries rarely performs research for the development of process technology, raw materials that do not exist in his country. Therefore, this type of motivation requires a series of research and technology before the factory ideally akan established.
Developed countries during this race-race build the factory because the motivation of a new technology available. The availability of new technology does not simply serve a technological process that could more sparingly, but also a new product. This could increase the country's prestige in the eyes of the world. Factory Compact Disc (CD) for example, is an example of factory-built because the availability of a technology and a thorough knowledge of the laser ray and the ray laser capable akibatkan in the crystal structure. But still only need the motivation of this type of ideas are brilliant and innovative, believing that if the phenomenon of laser rays can be used as a means of storing and reading digital data. Not all the new technology can be developed into a factory with a new product.
The third motivation could bear fruit into a factory when there is motivation in itself that people understand technology, have a strong vision, dare to compete, dare to take into account the risk and accept risk and willing to work hard.
Elections Factory Location
Elections factory location in general can be grouped based on two reasons for the selection, close to where the raw materials are or are approaching the market place. The reasons for the selection should consider the cost of shipping and transportation, facilities and infrastructure in the area around the policy and the local government.
Usually factory was established in the vicinity of where the raw materials because they are the raw material has a concentration that is too low. Freeport manufacturer willing to build in the middle of forest in Papua, although the company must spend to complete the major means of transportation, the exemption of land, housing workers and others because the cost of production will be far more expensive if the land contains gold and copper are brought to the ground and fed Java in Java. Another reason is the raw material gas or liquid form that need special handling in the removal and transportation. That is why the location of refining natural gas and petroleum are in isolated places. Factories that use agricultural products as raw materials are often built near pertaniannya area to avoid damage of materials due to decay. Fish canning factories are also typically near the dock. In fact there is a factory built on the ship to avoid the taint fish and save the cost of transportation for the export market.
The term 'near market' here is not simply a means must be at a distance close to the market, but the meaning is to have access to easy, cheap and quick to consumers because of the availability of adequate transportation facilities. Elections factory location near the market is the reason that more commonly used. For the factory that produces products that vulnerable and need special handling, such as ice cream factory, a factory building near the targeted market to be very important. Factory with a lot of competition should also be in areas that have access to an easy and quick to market. Factories drink (soft drink) factory built in bottle packaging (Bottling company) in various places to expand the market and to ensure that customers do not switch to other similar products. The term does not market itself solely domestic market but also means that if the foreign company's market-oriented product exports. For the factory like this, the location near the dock or airport to be an example of factory location near the market. Even sometimes have a factory build dermaganya own needs for export if the dock is not general or too crowded.
Elections are usually located near the market is preferred when the local government and have set the governance of the city with the vision of the city industrial area. All means of transportation such as road and freeway, airport and dock facilities and utilities such as electricity and clean water is public property arranged by the government. Housing facilities for employees will also be easily reached from the factory if the city has the good governance of the city as a city of industry. Entertainment facilities for the employees need not be provided by the company because the private sector will compete for race-building in the city.
Akan other locations as if near the factory and raw materials must be established in remote locations. All means of transportation, utility facilities, employee housing and entertainment facilities the following peribadatannya care companies need to become a factory owner. This will mean additional cost of investment. But the company that was established at a location near the raw materials usually have a cost advantage of operating more lightweight and support the local government. In fact, sometimes the company can urge local governments to issue a policy that benefits companies such as loose regulations on the environment and labor. Government policies to be factors that influence the acquisition profit and benefit for the company. Local government area of the industry will set the regional minimum wage rates and the stringent environmental regulations. This policy is made because the local government is aware of the value of the region's fresh. Therefore the company will build a factory in the industrial area should be the operational cost for the greater social expenditure (social cost).
In the end location close to the selection of raw materials or near the market-based economic benefits (profit) and social benefits (benefit) due to the selection of the location. In this paper a series of analysis discussed only economic benefits (profit). For this purpose need to carefully calculate the balance in the mass and energy production plant and the selection process of the system and the system the most efficient processing. Guidelines on the calculation and system design process and the system processor will be delivered on the next section.
Further reading:
•Turton,Bailie, Whiting& Shaelwitz " Analysis Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes"
•Smith " Chemical Process Design"
•Bowman " Applied Economic Analysis for Technologiest, Engineers and Managers"
•Martyn.S.Ray & Martin.G.Sneesby " Chemical Engineering Design Project"
•Tarek.M. Khalil " Management of Technology "
•Dutta & Manzoni " Process Reengineering, Change&Performance Improvement"
•Kunto Mangkusubroto & Listiarini Trisnadi " Analisa Keputusan"
•Soesilo & Wilson " Site Remediation, planning & management
Comment
0 Responses to "Chemical Factory Design Study: Selecting Technology for Factory and Factory Location (bag.I)"Post a Comment